Duri in Indonesia

2. Status

Status

Official country wide language
Official regional language
Official minority language
Recognised community language
Unrecognised community language

National language

No

Indigenous language

Yes

Administrative units of the country

Massenrempulu is a language that is used in Enrekang District, South Sulawesi Province

Comments

Massenrempulu is a language that is used in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi Province.
Enrekang regency residents use dialects to refer to their language. The Massenrempulu language has four dialects. Endekang, Maiwa, Bungin, and Duri are their names. The people of Enrekang are well-known for their multilingualism. They are able to communicate in more than one language. The language is not taught in schools because it is a local language. The Bugis language is one of the recognized local languages in South Sulawesi province and is taught in schools as a local content. South Sulawesi province recognizes at least three major local languages (major ethnicity). The Bugis, Makasar, and Toraja languages are among them.

3. State

Documentation: materials

Written

Extended corpora
Annotated corpora
Corpus/corpora
Materials/corpus
Some materials
No materials

divider

Video

Extended corpora
Annotated corpora
Corpus/corpora
Materials/corpus
Some materials
No materials

divider

Audio

Extended corpora
Annotated corpora
Corpus/corpora
Materials/corpus
Some materials
No materials

divider

Documentation: descriptions

Elaborated dictionaries, grammars, statistical language models, etc.
Dictionaries and grammars
Dictionary and grammar
Glossary and descriptions
Few descriptions
No descriptions

Standardization

Modern standard language
Young standard language
Standardised language
Quasi-standard language
Semi-standardised language
Un-standardised language

Graphisation & script encoding

Standardised writing system with full script encoding
Conventionalised writing system with partial script encoding
Consistent writing system with no script encoding
Unsystematic writing system(s)
Limited written use
No written use

Comments

Massenrengpulu has no orthography.

4. Users

Geographical distribution

Users live and dominate in all regions of the country
Users live in one [state/...] of the country
Users live in a cross-border region [state/...] of the country
Users live in separated [states/...] of the country
Users live dispersed across one [state/...] of the country
Users live scattered all over the country

Settlements

Rural
Urban

Size / Number of users

Number of users

225172

Source

Enrekang Regency in Figures 2021

Year

2021

Comments

This figure represents the total number of population from various ethnic groups in Enrekang.

Users within total population

Less than 1% use the language

Users within the reference community

More than 50% use the language

Source

The Massenrengpulu Vitality Research Report, which was conducted by the Agency for Language Development and Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (2021)

Year

2021

Comments

Massenrengpulu has shifted to Indonesian in urban areas, but it is still a vulnerable language in rural areas. Children frequently use Indonesian in their everyday communication.

Age distribution of users

0

percentage of members of young generations (< 15)

Comments

When the Language Agency conducted a vitality survey in Massenrengpulu (2021), no data on the age distribution of the community was obtained.

Age distribution of users

0

percentage of members of middle generations (15-65)

Age distribution of users

0

percentage of members of older generations (> 65)

Generational use

0

Limited to middle and older generations

Source

The Massenrengpulu Vitality Research Report, which was conducted by the Agency for Language Development and Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (2021)

Comments

There was no data on the percentage of female and male Massenrengpulu users obtained when the Language Agency conducted a vitality survey in Massenrengpulu (2021).

Educational attainment

Comments

There was no data on the educational attainment of Massenrengpulu community obtained when the Language Agency conducted a vitality survey in Massenrengpulu (2021).

Occupational qualifications

Comments

There was no data on the occupational distribution of Massenrengpulu community obtained when the Language Agency conducted a vitality survey in Massenrengpulu (2021).

Language competence

Comments

The Massenrengpulu language is typically mastered by generations older than 30 years. Meanwhile, the 20-year-old generation prefers to communicate in Indonesian, particularly in urban areas. However, the Massenrengpulu language is still spoken in some mountainous and inland areas.

Literacy of users

Digital use

No digital language use

5. Use

Socio-geographic dimension

Geographic scope

International
Supranational
Cross-border (states)
State-wide
Supra-regional cross-border
Supra-regional
Regional cross-border
Regional
Local

Source

The report of language mapping, which conducted by the Agency for Language Development and Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (2021)

Comments

Massenrengpulu is spoken in Banti and Salukanan villages, Baraka Subdistrict; Mata Allo and Bungin villages, Bungin Subdistrict; Ranga village, Enrekang Subdistrict; Taulan village, Cendana Subdistrict; Tunjung, Kaluppang, Patandon Salu, and Matajang villages, Maiwa Subdistric, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi Province.

Economic dimension

Economic scope

Quinary sector
Quaternary sector
Tertiary sector
Secondary sector
Primary sector
Language not used

Functional dimension

Functional scope

Public domains
Everyday domains
Private domains

Nature

equal

Stability

Decreasing

Comments

Massenrengpulu speakers are bilingual, if not multilingual. Many Massenrempulu speakers have intermarried, increasing the use of the Indonesian language.
The language is currently eroding, according to a Massenrengpulu vitality research report (2021).

Functional scope

Public domains
Everyday domains
Private domains

Nature

exclusive

Stability

Decreasing

Comments

Massenrengpulu speakers use Indonesia more than local language in everyday domains and use Massenrengpulu and Indonesian in private domain equally.

Functional scope

Public domains
Everyday domains
Private domains

Functional use in administration

Language use in administration

International level
National level
Regional level
Local level
Auxiliary use
No use

Ethnoculture

No use
Informal learning
Skills and knowledge
Performing arts
Social practices
Customary law
Traditional medicine
Knowledge and practices
Traditions and expressions

Formal Education

Early childhood education

Comments

The Massenrengpulu is not used in early chilhood education.

Primary level

Comments

The Massenrengpulu is not used in early childhood education.

The Bugis language is taught in schools as local content. The Bugis language is taught because it is one of the most widely spoken languages in South Sulawesi Province. Despite the fact that the Masssenrengpulu language is not taught in schools.

Lower secondary level

Comments

The Massenrengpulu is not used in lower secondary education.

Higher secondary level

Comments

The Massenrengpulu is not used in higher secondary education.

Tertiary level

Comments

The Massenrengpulu is not used in tertiary education.

Public healthcare

Comments

Massenrempulu tends not to be used in public healthcare.

Information, communication and cultural production

Comments

Massenrempulu is not used in information, communication, and cultural production.

Digital sphere

Legal system

Language use in the legal system

General use
Legal transactions
Court proceedings
Written submissions
Spoken/signed testimonies
Language not used

The World Atlas of Languages is a beta version while data is being validated. Some inconsistencies may appear. The displayed data does not commit the Organization.