Chakma in India

Speakers

228,281

Type

Location

Chakma in India

Country

Information available

1. Basics

Names

Chakma in India

Size

228,281

2. Status

Status

  • Official country wide language
  • Official regional language
  • Official minority language
  • Recognised community language
  • Unrecognised community language
National language
No
Indigenous language
Yes
Administrative units of the country
North East India

3. State

Documentation: materials

Written

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
Books about the culture, settlement and language are available in Chakma language.

https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.454047/mode/2up
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.266630/mode/2up
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.265813

Chakma Chukum, 2021, Keka Mallick. Poushali Prokashoni Publications, 978-93-91299-34-7

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Video

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
Videos about history, script and culture, dance, songs etc. are available in Chakma.
https://archive.org/details/dni.ncaa.CVI-SUR_R_1542-UMHB
https://archive.org/details/dni.ncaa.CVI-SUR_R_1543-UMHB
https://archive.org/details/dni.ncaa.CVI-SUR_R_1541-UMHB
https://archive.org/details/podcast_words-life-good-news_chakma-good-news-songs3_1000448309108

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Audio

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
Some audio recordings are available in Chakma language.

https://archive.org/details/podcast_words-life-good-news_chakma-the-two-roadsmp3_1000448309067
https://archive.org/details/podcast_words-life-good-news_5-chakmaassam-the-lost-sh_1000448309083

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Documentation: descriptions

  • Elaborated dictionaries, grammars, statistical language models, etc.
  • Dictionaries and grammars
  • Dictionary and grammar
  • Glossary and descriptions
  • Few descriptions
  • No descriptions
Digital
Yes
Comments
Material about linguistic features, dictionaries and others are available in Chakma.

Chakma Settlement in Mizoram
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467419/mode/2up

Maniruzzaman, {}. 1984. Notes on Chakma Phonology. In Mahmud Shah Qureshi (ed.), Tribal Cultures in Bangladesh, 73-89. Rajshahi: Institute of Bangladesh Studies, Rajshahi University.

Bardhan, Susanta Kumar. 2008. Vowels of Chakma. Indian Linguistics 69. 29-41.

Ganguly, Siddhartha and Talukdar, Sakya Prasad. 1996. A linguistic description of Chakma language. In The Fourth International Symposium on Language and Linguistics, 1646-1663. Thailand: Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol.

Bhattacharyya, Sumana. 2004. A Linguistic study of Chakma. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Calcutta; viii+240pp.)

Chakma, Pulin Bayan. 1993. Chakma Dictionary (Chakma-English). Kamalanagar, Mizoram: Arts & Culture Department, Chakma Autonomous District Council.

Pannalal Majumdar. 2013. The Chakmas of Tripura. 2nd edn. Agartala: Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Government of Tripura. 363pp.

Rahman, Mohammed Habibur. 1991. Chakma. In Paul Hockings (ed.), South Asia, 58-61. Boston: G. K. Hall.

THE CHAKMAS OF TRIPURA
https://trci.tripura.gov.in/sites/default/files/The_Chakmas_of_Tripura.pdf

Standardization

  • Modern standard language
  • Young standard language
  • Standardised language
  • Quasi-standard language
  • Semi-standardised language
  • Un-standardised language

Graphisation & script encoding

  • Standardised writing system with full script encoding
  • Conventionalised writing system with partial script encoding
  • Consistent writing system with no script encoding
  • Unsystematic writing system(s)
  • Limited written use
  • No written use
Comments
Chakma is written with Bengali Script.

4. Users

Geographical distribution

  • Users live and dominate in all regions of the country
  • Users live in one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in a cross-border region [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in separated [states/...] of the country
  • Users live dispersed across one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live scattered all over the country

Settlements

  • Rural
  • Urban

Size / Number of users

Number of users

228281
Source
Census of India
Year
2011

Users within total population

Users within the reference community

Age distribution of users

Generational use

Educational attainment

Occupational qualifications

Language competence

Understand all, speak/sign fluently

Literacy of users

Digital use

5. Use

Socio-geographic dimension

Geographic scope
  • International
  • Supranational
  • Cross-border (states)
  • State-wide
  • Supra-regional cross-border
  • Supra-regional
  • Regional cross-border
  • Regional
  • Local

Economic dimension

Functional dimension

Functional use in administration

Language use in administration
  • International level
  • National level
  • Regional level
  • Local level
  • Auxiliary use
  • No use

Types of language use

  • signed / spoken use
  • written use
  • digital use
Comments
District/Village

Ethnoculture

  • No use
  • Informal learning
  • Skills and knowledge
  • Performing arts
  • Social practices
  • Customary law
  • Traditional medicine
  • Knowledge and practices
  • Traditions and expressions

Formal Education

Early childhood education
Primary level
Lower secondary level
Higher secondary level
Tertiary level

Public healthcare

Information, communication and cultural production

  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used

Legal system

Language use in the legal system
  • General use
  • Legal transactions
  • Court proceedings
  • Written submissions
  • Spoken/signed testimonies
  • Language not used

Areas of law the language is used

  • Criminal law
  • Civil law
  • Administrative law

Completion