Pnar in India

Speakers

319,324

Type

Location

Pnar in India

Country

Information available

1. Basics

Names

Pnar in India

Size

319,324

2. Status

Status

  • Official country wide language
  • Official regional language
  • Official minority language
  • Recognised community language
  • Unrecognised community language
National language
No
Indigenous language
Yes
Administrative units of the country
North East India

3. State

Documentation: materials

Written

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
It is reported that “Samboi ia Myllin” or “Lest we forget”, which is a first of its kind to have poems composed with the use of ‘Pnar alphabets’, was recently released with an aim to promote and preserve the Jaintia literature. (Jaintia is alternative name for Pnar language.)

Refer: https://theshillongtimes.com/2016/03/01/poems-in-pnar-alphabet-released/

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Video

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Comments
1. Let's learn Pnar language | pnar language words learn pnar language: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwVFbTeO21s
2. https://archive.org/details/jesus-film-pnar-language

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Audio

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
Dr. Hiram Ring has collected linguistics data on Pnar language. Refer: https://researchdata.ntu.edu.sg/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.21979/N9/KVFGBZ

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Documentation: descriptions

  • Elaborated dictionaries, grammars, statistical language models, etc.
  • Dictionaries and grammars
  • Dictionary and grammar
  • Glossary and descriptions
  • Few descriptions
  • No descriptions
Digital
Yes
Comments
1. Some works are listed here: https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pnar1238
2. Koshy, A. (2019). Question and question formation in Pnar and Khasi: The Role of Clitics.
3. Koshy, A. (2009). Indefinite pronouns in Pnar. Mon-Khmer Studies, 38, 41-56.
4. Bareh, Curiously. 2016. Phonological correspondences between Jowai- and Narwan-Pnar. Mon-Khmer Studies 45:1-13
5. Some works are listed here: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/simple-search?location=%2F&query=Pnar&rpp=10&sort_by=score&order=desc
6. Bareh, Curiously. (2019). A sociophonetic investigation of vowels in Pnar and its varieties. ASSONANCE. A Journal of Russian & Comparative Literary Studies. 19:94-107. University of Calicut, Kerala.
7. War, G. (2022). Causative Constructions in Pnar. Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 22: 11 November 2022 ISSN 1930-2940, 72.

Standardization

  • Modern standard language
  • Young standard language
  • Standardised language
  • Quasi-standard language
  • Semi-standardised language
  • Un-standardised language
Comments
It is reported that Meghalaya’s principal languages are Khasi, Pnar and Garo (A•chikku), all of which are written in the Roman script. English is the official language. It was largely because of Christian missionaries’ efforts that the Khasi, Pnar and Garo languages have developed and emerged in the list of Modern Indian Languages, with commendable strides having been made in literature as well. According to linguistics experts, Khasi is among the few dialects of the Mon-Khmer family of languages surviving today.

Source: https://meghalayahousedelhi.nic.in/languages.html

Graphisation & script encoding

  • Standardised writing system with full script encoding
  • Conventionalised writing system with partial script encoding
  • Consistent writing system with no script encoding
  • Unsystematic writing system(s)
  • Limited written use
  • No written use
Comments
Pnar uses Roman script.

4. Users

Geographical distribution

  • Users live and dominate in all regions of the country
  • Users live in one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in a cross-border region [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in separated [states/...] of the country
  • Users live dispersed across one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live scattered all over the country

Settlements

  • Rural
  • Urban

Size / Number of users

Number of users

319324
Source
Census of India
Year
2011

Users within total population

Users within the reference community

Generational use

Educational attainment

No education

Language competence

Literacy of users

Digital use

5. Use

Socio-geographic dimension

Geographic scope
  • International
  • Supranational
  • Cross-border (states)
  • State-wide
  • Supra-regional cross-border
  • Supra-regional
  • Regional cross-border
  • Regional
  • Local

Economic dimension

Functional use in administration

Language use in administration
  • International level
  • National level
  • Regional level
  • Local level
  • Auxiliary use
  • No use

Types of language use

  • signed / spoken use
  • written use
  • digital use
Comments
District/Village

Ethnoculture

  • No use
  • Informal learning
  • Skills and knowledge
  • Performing arts
  • Social practices
  • Customary law
  • Traditional medicine
  • Knowledge and practices
  • Traditions and expressions

Formal Education

Early childhood education
Primary level
Lower secondary level
Higher secondary level
Tertiary level

Public healthcare

  • Language not used
  • Translations
  • Healthcare information
  • Nursing care (incl. elderly)
  • Doctor-patient communication
  • Generally used

Information, communication and cultural production

  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used

Digital sphere

  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name

Legal system

Completion